}, author={Tesfaye Haile}, journal={Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, year={1988}, volume={10}, pages={85-97} } T. Haile; Published 14 July 1988; Geography; Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences The major product in are teff, wheat, maize, sesame, Niger, linseed etc. It is cultivated principally by the Gurage, Sidama, and several other ethnic groups in the region. Since the 2000s, Ethiopia has emerged as one of the fastest-growing economies in Africa. Soil acidity is one of the most important environmental threats to the Ethiopian highlands where the livelihood of the majority of people is reliant on agriculture. Download. Source: United Nations Comtrade. This article examines the characteristics of and choice among two production technologies in Ethiopian agriculture, one with fertilizer and the other without, using 1989-90 farm-level data. fruit crops, stimulant crops and sugar cane are cultivated by farmers and other agricultural sectors in Ethiopia. The GOE is focusing on expanding chicken meat production in order to reduce the countrys longstanding dependence on the livestock sector, minimize the sectors environmental footprint, and provide more affordable protein to the masses. [7] It purchased grain from peasant associations at fixed prices. One way the government is hoping to improve cotton yields is with Genetically Engineered (GE) cotton. Export sales of U.S. cotton are expected as demand increases. But with proper drainage and conditioning, these soils have excellent agricultural potential. This site contains PDF documents. The Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA) is responsible for the statistical data generation related to the socio-economic condition of the country. major pulse crops grown in the country are chickpea, haricot beans, lentils, fababean and peas, The Ethiopian Orthodox Church traditionally has forbidden consumption of animal fats on many days of the year. It is roughly 7 and a half years behind the Gregorian calendar. The Government of Ethiopia (GOE) has identified key priority intervention areas to increase productivity of smallholder farms and expand large-scale commercial farms. Agron., 16: 180-195. . Of the 25 World Reference Base/FAO soil orders, 17 exist in Ethiopia. According to CSA (2015) report, cereals . This is a best prospect for Ethiopia. Most of these crops are exported to generate foreign exchange. [21] It is estimated to number over 150 million in 20072008. Ethiopia is also Africa's second biggest maize producer. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. The market for agriculture in Ethiopia is projected to register a CAGR of 5.4% during the forecast period, 2021-2026). [7], The effect of the Derg's land reform program on food production and its marketing and distribution policies were among two of the major controversies surrounding the revolution. An estimated 85 percent of the population are engaged in agricultural production. [7], Government attempts to implement land reform also created problems related to land fragmentation, insecurity of tenure, and shortages of farm inputs and tools. [7], As of 2008[update], some countries that import most of their food, such as Saudi Arabia, had begun planning the development of large tracts of arable land in developing countries such as Ethiopia. There are two predominant soil types in the highlands. [7], Agricultural productivity under the Derg continued to decline. By 1976 coffee exports had recovered, and in the five years ending in 198889, 44% of the coffee grown was exported, accounting for about 63% of the value of exports. Please see below for the market overview and trade data. Ethiopia is endowed with abundant agricultural resources and has diverse agro-ecological zones. Explain the main contribution, potentials, characteristics , and problems of Ethiopian agriculture. The two dominant agricultural systems in Ethiopia are the mixed agriculture of the highlands, where both crops and livestock production are integrated, and pastoralism in the lowlands. Section D. The industry began in 2004, when the government made an aggressive push for foreign investments by establishing a presence at major international floricultural events. The directorates goal is to increase productivity, employment, technology transfer, and foreign exchange reserves by attracting investors with incentives and favorable land lease terms. The data from 460 sheep were used for the determination of morphometric characterization while 110 male sheep and 150 females were used to characterize the reproductive performance of Blackhead Somali sheep breeds. Land Use Distribution and Change in Lake Tana Sub Basin -- 23. [2][3][4] Many other economic activities depend on agriculture, including marketing, processing, and export of agricultural products. See, for example, Central Statistical Authority of Ethiopia, "National Statistical Abstract. Resembling the banana but bearing an inedible fruit, the plant produces large quantities of starch in its underground rhizome and an above-ground stem that can reach a height of several meters. Land tenure rights as well as natural disasters, such as floods, hamper the countrys ability to quickly expand cotton production. The Blue Nile River. This growth is expected to create investment and trade opportunities for certain commodities and open doors for veterinary and other livestock services. Ethiopia sources cotton mainly from India and other international suppliers. Ethiopias development plan has laid out enhancing agricultural production and productivity as one of the major strategic pillars. Despite the Derg's efforts to reassure farmers that land reform would not affect them negatively, northerners remained suspicious of the new government's intentions. Jorge Morales Pedraza. Rain-fed cotton also grew in Humera, Bilate, and Arba Minch. There are also expanding opportunities for grocery sales to retail and wholesale outlets that are starting to spring up all over Addis Ababa. To meet its agro-processing objectives, the GOE is building Integrated Agro-Industrial Parks (IAIP) in four pilot areas: Amhara, Oromia, SNNP, and Tigray regional states. Agriculture in Ethiopia is the foundation of the country's economy, accounting for half of gross domestic product (GDP), 83.9% of exports, and 80% of total employment. [19][20], Sorghum, millet, and corn are cultivated mostly in warmer areas at lower altitudes along the country's western, southwestern, and eastern peripheries. The Mengistu regime encouraged fruit and vegetable production. Among the overall agricultural output produced by an Ethiopian family farm, only 21 percent are sold, highlighting the subsistence-oriented nature of the country's smallholders. They are boiled, roasted, or included in a stew-like dish known as wot, which is sometimes a main dish and sometimes a supplementary food. Ethiopia is home to one of the largest livestock populations in Africa. Fresh fruits, including citrus and bananas, as well as fresh and frozen vegetables, became important export items, but their profitability was marginal. During the 1970s, coffee exports accounted for 50-60% of the total value of all exports, although coffee's share dropped to 25% as a result of the economic dislocation following the 1974 revolution. A couple of U.S. investors have also entered the market. According to the World Bank, agricultural production increased at an average annual rate of 0.6 percent between 1973 and 1980 but then decreased at an average annual rate of 2.1 percent between 1980 and 1987. The AMC set quotas of grain purchases to be delivered by peasant associations and cooperatives and also bought from private wholesalers, who were required to sell half of their purchases at predetermined prices. Young herders take their text books of the upcoming school year to the grazing grounds. Due to physical, economic and social factors the. Grain consumption, especially for wheat and wheat-based products like bread and pasta, continues to climb as incomes rise and more people move to urban centers. UNJP-RWEE was a five-year long initiative with the objective of accelerating the economic empowerment of rural women . Ethiopia has previously imported cotton from various international suppliers. With the GOE looking to partially liberalize the wheat import market, local millers are beginning to explore opportunities to import wheat directly. A Review of Ethiopian Agriculture Roles Policy and Small Scale Farming . In Ethiopia, agricultural export development is done in livestock, grains, vegetables, fruits, and fruits. Washington, DC 20230. Background and Objective: Detailed characterization of bio-physical resources in agricultural landscapes and documenting locally used soil fertility management practices is required for developing site-specific management scenarios in the study area. In addition, some of Ethiopias cash crops show potential for growth and offer possible investment opportunities in areas such as coffee, oilseeds, pulses, fruits and vegetables, honey, cut flowers, tea, and spices. Ethiopia's agricultural sector has developed favourably over the past decade, but rapid population growth, limited access to fertile land, and volatile agricultural outcomes pose problems for the . Overall, the economic reform plan sets out required strategic interventions to increase agricultural productivity and modernization of agriculture in the next 10 years. As reviewed from different literatures household demographic characteristics, household resource endowments, social, cultural, infrastructural, institutional and economic factors influence the . Common vegetables include onions, peppers, squash, and a cabbage similar to kale. "Agriculture" (and subsections). Ethiopian Agricultural Research Institute (EIAR), Ethiopian Trading Business Corporation (ETBC). Agriculture in the Lake Tana Sub-Basin of Ethiopia -- 24. The principal grains in Ethiopia are Teff, Wheat, Barley, Corn, Sorghum, and Millet. More background information on the cotton situation in Ethiopia can be found in our cotton report from 2019/20. The agriculture sector is projected to grow at 6.2% per annum over the next ten years. [17], Cotton is grown throughout Ethiopia below elevations of about 1,400 meters. Private . The particular GE cotton variety of interest is a product that is resistant to cotton bollworm, which is a pest challenge many farmers struggle to manage. Under the current administration, the GOE has renewed its emphasis to develop the agriculture sector, ensure food security, and achieve import substition. Research on the constraints, characteristics, and performance of the enterprise sector in low-income countries is often constrained by scarcity . In addition, the GOE continues to invest heavily in the expansion of the sugar industry, which is slated to be privatized in the near future with the aim of become one of the top ten sugar producers in the world over the next decade. 3. These areas are used by pastoralists who move back and forth in the area following the availability of pasture for their animals. As such, investment opportunities in feed, genetics and veterinary services and the supporting industries are expected to grow in the coming years. ", Table D.2. Farmers' group formation accompanies the reform process. It is a major subsistence crop and it is used as food. The government's price controls and the AMC's operations had led to the development of different price systems at various levels. Yet, information regarding its extent, distribution, causes, and lime requirement at a scale relevant to subsistence farming systems is still lacking. It has also enjoyed a considerable attention by the government. Vertisols are very important soils in Ethiopian agriculture. [7], Although the issue of land reform was not addressed until the Ethiopian Revolution in 1974, the government had tried to introduce programs to improve the condition of farmers. The GOE has an ambitious plan to attain wheat self-sufficiency and halt importations. Finally, although the production cost of pulses and oilseeds continued to rise, the government's price control policy left virtually unchanged the official procurement price of these crops, thus substantially reducing net income from them. The study aimed to characterize the reproductive performances and physical characteristics of Blackhead Somali indigenous sheep breeds. It features and analyzes the country's agricultural progress from 1960s to date, and some . A major subsistence crop, barley is used as food and in the production of tella, a locally produced beer. Therefore, investment in commercial farming requires considerable due diligence. However, even with this anticipated increase in chicken meat production, demand is expected to outstrip supply, thereby creating potential opportunities for imports. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), Ethiopia's GDP growth rate will increase by around 7.8% to 10% by 2023. These figures varied from those provided by the World Bank, which estimated that cropland, pasture, and forestland accounted for 13%, 41%, and 25%, respectively, of the total land area in 1987. "Ethiopia: Share of economic sectors in the gross domestic product (GDP) from 2010 to 2020", "Agriculture in Ethiopia: data shows for a large part Agriculture still retained its majority share of the economy", "The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia: Selected Issues Series", "National Statistical Abstract. Textile and apparel manufacturing and equipment. The 1977 famine also provided an impetus to promote conservation. APDF readeris available from Adobe Systems Incorporated. Firstly, various policies that discouraged private sector participation in economic activity were implemented during the socialist era (between 1978 and 1992). @article{Haile1988CausesAC, title={Causes and Characteristics of Drought in Ethiopia. J. Ethiopia's major industries include agriculture, construction, manufacturing, resources and . TheInternational Trade Administration,U.S. Department of Commerce, manages this global trade site to provide access to ITA information on promoting trade and investment, strengthening the competitiveness of U.S. industry, and ensuring fair trade and compliance with trade laws and agreements. Grains - Grains are the most important field crops and the main element in the diet of most Ethiopians. 27 May 2021. But in the northern highlands, where title to farm land was shared amongst members of descent groups, many people resisted land reform. In addition, the ten-year development plan aims at boosting agricultural export revenues and substituting imports by reducing production costs. 2. Ethiopias commercial red meat (beef, mutton and goat) industry has made remarkable progress to date and shows considerable growth potential for the future. Increased production as well as imports are required to close this gap. Ethiopias current level of wheat and soybean production is insufficient to satisfy domestic demand. Camels also play a key role as pack animals in areas below 1,500 meters in elevation. [18], Another new source for export revenue is the production of chat, an amphetamine-like stimulant which is consumed both inside Ethiopia and in adjacent countries, and which is considered a drug of abuse that can lead to mild to moderate psychological dependence. Citation: Kehali Jembere, Tekalign Mamo and Kibebew Kibret, 2017. Excluding the Afar and Somali Regions, there were approximately 47.5 million cattle, 26.1 million sheep, 21.7 million goats, 2.1 million horses and mules, 5.6 million donkeys, 1 million camels, and 39.6 million poultry. The manufacturing sector plays a marginal role in employment generation, exports, output, and inter-sectoral linkages. Domestically, coffee contributed about 20% of the government's revenue. Although the MPPs improved the agricultural productivity of farmers, particularly in the project areas, there were many problems associated with discrimination against small farmers (because of a restrictive credit system that favored big landowners) and tenant eviction. These three grains constitute the staple foods of a good part of the population and are major items in the diet of the nomads. The importance of smallholder farming is increasingly recognized in rural areas where increased crop productivity and market participation can effectively improve their dietary diversity and nutrition quality. In pastoral areas, livestock formed the basis of the economy. Characteristics of agricultural landscape features and local soil fertility management practices in Northwestern Amhara, Ethiopia. Nevertheless, Ethiopia's manufacturing sector is still far from being the engine of growth and structural change. Ethiopia's agriculture is plagued by periodic drought, soil degradation[1] caused by overgrazing, deforestation, high levels of taxation and poor infrastructure (making it difficult and expensive to get goods to market). Ploughing the land using these tools is ambiguous and time-consuming. Local demand for meat, milk and eggs is growing as the economy and population grow. Following their rise to power, on March 4, 1975, the Derg proclaimed their land reform program. The opportunities and constraints facing Ethiopian agriculture are strongly influenced by conditions which vary across geographical space. The Homegrown economic reform plan identified structural and institutional bottlenecks affecting the agricultural sector in Ethiopia. The sunrise marks the beginning of the day and the sunset marks the end of the day. This includes: bolstering smallholder farmers productivity, enhancing marketing systems, upgrading participation of private sector, increasing volume of irrigated land and curtailing amount of households with inadequate food. [7], The plains and low foothills west of the highlands have sandy and gray-to-black clay soils. To examine the current situation on the use of agricultural technologies by . [27], Most of the estimated 7.5 million equines (horses, mules, and donkeys) are used to transport produce and other agricultural goods. Potato is an increasingly important crop in Ethiopia, but the origin of local cultivars grown throughout the country is unknown.